WHO'S PULLING YOUR STRINGS?

Digital Politics & Misinformation

1

Who controls what you see online?

2

Can you spot a political ad?

3

What is a filter bubble?

Learning Intentions

By the end of today, you will be able to...

🎯 Explain: how political parties and candidates try to influence voters using traditional and social media

🎯 Identify: key campaign strategies including political advertising, spin, and preference deals

🎯 Describe: how social media creates echo chambers and filter bubbles that affect political views

🎯 Recognise: the difference between misinformation and disinformation, and why it spreads

🔥 Hook: The Algorithm Game

Think about your social media feeds...

1

What's the LAST political post you saw online? Did you agree or disagree with it?

2

Can you name 3 different news sources? Do you trust them all equally?

3

Have you ever shared something online that turned out to be false?

💬 Discuss with a partner for 2 minutes, then share with the class

How Do Parties Win Your Vote?

Ideology

Core values & beliefs that guide a party's decisions

Interest Groups

Organisations that push parties on specific issues (unions, business groups)

Traditional Media

TV, radio, newspapers – still massive reach in Australia

Social Media

Targeted ads, reels, posts – reaches you specifically

Opinion Polls

Used to shape strategy and make parties look electable

Campaigns

Structured events, door-knocking, rallies, debates

⚔️ Campaign Strategies

Positive Advertising

Shows the candidate doing good things – smiling families, promises of a better future. Builds warm feelings (even if vague!).

Leaders' Debates & The Worm

Real-time audience reaction tracked as a line on screen. Party spin doctors coach leaders to score high on key moments.

Preference Deals

Parties tell supporters who to rank #2, #3 etc. Minor parties can 'direct' votes to majors in exchange for policy promises.

Negative Advertising

Attacks the opponent – often emotional or scary. Research shows it's highly effective, even if voters say they hate it.

Media Management & Spin

Every statement is carefully crafted. 'Spin doctors' control the message, limit difficult questions, and manage journalists.

🕵️ ACTIVITY: AD DETECTIVES

You'll analyse 3 real political ads. For each one, identify:

1. Type

Is it positive or negative?

2. Emotion

What feeling is it trying to create?

3. Claim

What is it promising or claiming?

4. Evidence

Does it provide any proof?

5. Target

Who do you think this ad is aimed at?

Ad 1: Labor will strengthen Medicare

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Labor wants all Australians to have access to a free bulk billing doctor.

Ad 2: Trump 2024 Campaign Ad - Kamala Harris is Radical

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Ad 3: The Greens (Au) - Affordable Housing

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📱 Social Media Shapes Politics

How Platforms Shape Political Messaging

  • Algorithms reward outrage – angry posts get more engagement
  • Short formats (reels, stories) favour simple slogans over complex policy
  • Micro-targeting: ads shown only to specific voter profiles based on your data
  • Influencers are paid to promote political messages without disclosure

Echo Chambers & Filter Bubbles

You

The center of your personalized feed

People who agree with you

Your social circle reinforces your existing views

Similar content

Algorithms serve you more of what you already engage with

FILTER BUBBLE (algorithm wall)

🫧 Echo Chambers & Polarisation

Echo Chamber

What is it?

When you only hear opinions you already agree with. Social media groups, pages and feeds that reinforce your existing views.

Example:

You only follow accounts that share your political views, so you think everyone agrees with you.

Filter Bubble

What is it?

The algorithm curates what you see based on what you've liked before – filtering out different viewpoints automatically.

Example:

YouTube keeps recommending videos with the same political leaning because you watched one.

Political Polarisation

What is it?

Society splitting into extreme camps with little middle ground. Echo chambers and filter bubbles make this worse.

Example:

People from different political sides are less able to have civil conversations online.

Echo Chambers

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🚨 Misinformation vs Disinformation

MISINFORMATION

False info shared WITHOUT intent to deceive

Example: Someone shares a story about a politician that's been proven false – but they genuinely believed it was true.

Why it spreads:

  • Emotional content spreads faster than factual content
  • People share before they think
  • Algorithms reward engagement

DISINFORMATION

False info shared WITH intent to deceive

⚠️ Example: A political campaign deliberately spreads a fake quote from the opposition leader to damage their reputation.

Tactics used:

  • Deepfakes and doctored images
  • Fake 'news' websites
  • Foreign interference campaigns

🌐 Foreign Interference & Data Privacy

Foreign Interference

  • Foreign governments or groups try to influence elections in other countries
  • Methods: fake social media accounts, disinformation campaigns, hacking, funding extremist content
  • Examples: Russian interference in 2016 US election; Chinese influence operations in Taiwan
  • Australia's ACSC (Australian Cyber Security Centre) monitors threats to our elections

Your Data & Micro-Targeting

  • Every like, share, and search creates a data profile of your political views
  • Political parties buy this data to target specific voters with specific messages
  • Cambridge Analytica scandal: millions of Facebook profiles used without consent to influence elections
  • In Australia, political parties are exempt from privacy laws – they can use your data freely

⚖️ Regulating Social Media

The Big Debate: How much should government control online content?

🌍 Who Has Jurisdiction?

Platforms operate globally. Australian laws can't easily regulate American companies.

🗣️ Free Speech vs Harm

Blocking content protects some people but may silence others. Who decides what's 'harmful'?

🤖 Scale

Billions of posts daily. Humans can't review it all; algorithms make mistakes.

💰 Platform Power

Tech giants have enormous lobbying power. Governments struggle to hold them accountable.

Lesson Review – Exit Ticket

Before you go – answer these 3 questions on your worksheet:

1

What is the difference between misinformation and disinformation? Give an example of each.

2

Explain how a filter bubble could change how someone votes. Use the words 'algorithm' and 'echo chamber' in your answer.

3

Give ONE reason why regulating social media is difficult. Do you think governments should try? Explain.